"Integration" means different things to different actors in different contexts. Whilst the EU has been the pioneer and, usually, the paradigm, actors in other schemes and areas challenge the validity of referring to a “model” either to model their own instruments and/or to evaluate achievements. Rather, the argument is made that integration schemes are ad hoc creations, tailor made to suit specific national realities and international contexts. Thus, the purpose of this Executive Training Seminar is to discuss integration schemes on the basis of their own merits, their own goals and their own...